The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974

  • The Main Objective of this act is to provide prevention and control of water pollution and maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness and purity of water (in the streams or wells or on land).
  • Controlling bodies: It provides for the establishment of Central and State Boards for pollution control.
  • Functions: The Act assigns powers and functions to these Boards to control pollution.
  • Authority to board: The Central and State Pollution Control Boards are given comprehensive powers to advise, coordinate, and provide technical assistance for the prevention and control of water pollution.
  • Audit: The Act has provisions for funds, budgets, accounts, and audit of the Central and State Pollution Control Boards.
  • Prohibition: The Act prohibits disposal of any poisonous, noxious or polluting matter to the flow of water in a stream. However, dumping of any material into a stream for the purpose of reclamation of land is not considered an offense.
  • Penalties: The Act provides for severe and deterrent punishments for violation of the Act which includes fine and imprisonment.
  • The 1988 amendment act empowered SPCB and CPCB to close a defaulting industrial plant.
  • The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act was enacted in 1977, to provide for the levy and collection of a cess on water consumed by persons operating and carrying on certain types of industrial activities.

 

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